I agree with what has been said, It comes down to amp, guitar, player combination first.
Guitar ands Amp matching is first and foremost.
Lately, for myself guitar recording has been getting easier and easier, the hard part is when working with others trying to get them to understand that a particular guitar choice is not the most appropriate for the song. IE, I want to play my Les Paul, but you are looking for a country pop of the strings (light gauge telecaster).
As for a quick amp setup for Rock and Roll, A Marshall JCM800 or Fender Deluxe is quick for me. As a guitar player I have been playing both of those amps for about 20 years now. Also getting the speaker cabinet off the floor really seems to help.
Too much gain can get in the way of a good recorded guitar tone. I always print DI as well as amp for safety, if has saved me countless times. Also taming the low end content is very important at the amp.
As per Micing and Pre choices I tend to go with a B&O ribbon mic approx 12" -16" (depends on volume of amp) from the cabinet and twist the mic for eq into a Neve 1272. I really favor ribbon mics on guitar amps.
5 minutes and away we go.
~driskel