Okay, here's a handy checklist of some cheap mics that I've found useful in a lot of situations:
MXL V67G - a warm, darker mic that can add a lot of body to a thin vocal. Similar mics: Joe Meeks JM47, MXL 960, ADK Hamburg.
MXL V69ME - a more neutral tube mic, with a little more clarity and top end. Similar mics: Studio Projects T3, MXL V77, ADK Vienna.
MXL 603 w/Omni capsule option - A pair of SDC condensers with the extra Omni Capsules are useful for overheads, acoustic instruments, and any stereo recordings. Similar mics: Studio Projects C4, Oktava MK012. There are some other SDCs with omni options out on the market that I haven't tried, but most will work fine.
Figure 8 Ribbon mic - too many to list but a good bi-directional ribbon mic is an important addition to any mic closet.
Shure SM7 - probably the best dynamic mic around and a great multi-purpose tool. Similar mics: EV RE-20, Heil PR-40.
Measurement Omnis - These are small 1/4" capsules that are noisy, but almost ruler flat. Great for loud sources or where accuracy is ver important.Behringer ECM8000, MSH-1, Nady, etc.
That's the basic list and no, you may not get a platinum album out of them, they'll do a good job for you in most situations. They won't break the bank, and of course, there are better, similar mics available, if you want to spend a whole lot more.